A comparative performance study of rectangular and circular shape microstrip patch antennas at an x band frequency is presented in this paper. Hi all, i am new herei have some questions and i hope i can get some answers here. Enhancement of gain and directivity for microstrip antenna. Microstrip patch antennas or simply patch antenna are increasingly useful because the antenna is printed directly onto a circuit board. Gain full theoretical control of the antenna change bandwidth, f r, e field directivity at will use a range of impatt locations and values. Gain and directivity enhancement of rectangular microstrip patch antenna using hfss. The designs have array and metallic ring coplanar to radiation patch to enhance the gain. Therefore, the design of high directivity microstrip patch antennas is a challenging task. In this paper, we designed a rectangular micro strip. The halfwave rectangular microstrip antenna has a virtual shorting plane along its center.
We will discuss later in this work more parameters of the antenna in connection with microstrip patch antenna like radiation pattern, efficiency, quality factor, directivity, gain, and more. We obtain the same directivity for linearly and circularly polarized patches because a circularly polarized patch is a linear combination of two linearly polarized patterns. An antenna that radiates equally in all directions would have effectively zero directionality, and the directivity of this type of antenna would be 1 or 0 db. But, in proposed design, a high gain patch antenna with fss antenna is presented having high gain, high directivity and good radiation patterns from a single coaxial fed. Directivity calculate in cst patch antenna design using cst. The fundamentals of patch antenna design and performance.
The topology of the structure is dissimilar from conventional microstrip. This work is mainly focused on increasing the gain as well as reducing the size of the unidirectional patch. Typical half wave patches have efficiencies well above 90%. For a microstrip antenna to work, you want to think the opposite thoughts that you might want to think if you were designing a microstrip mmic. In order to design a compact microstrip patch antenna, a substrate with a higher dielectric constant and narrower bandwidth. In this paper, a new microstrip patch antenna is designed, simulated, and fabricated. How can i improve the gain of a patch antenna and what is the. Section ii explains the design procedure of an aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna acmpa covered by ebg structure and section iii is about the simulation results. Alternate feed methods a common variation in patch antenna design is the location and routing of the feed, to. The microstrip patch antenna performance is depends on and determined by its operating frequency, resonant frequency, gain, directivity, and radiation efficiency. Gain enhancement of a microstrip patch antenna using a reflecting.
The e and hfield halfpower 3db beamwidth was contracted by 47. Conventional single element microstrip patch antennas have a low directivity 67dbi 1. The transmission line model, combined with the measured and computed thermal plots, suggest a model for the computation of radiation patterns of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna in the tm 01 mode. The rising importance of wireless communication and multimedia services increasing the efforts to the design and implementation of microstrip patch structures. Gain and directivity enhancment of microstrip patch antenna using.
A patch antenna radiates power in certain directions and we say that the antenna has directivity usually expressed in dbi. It is promising to reduce the lateral radiation and obtain an enhanced directivity when the sng mtms are applied in the microstrip patch antenna. So, if the designer has a clear conception about the effect of changing substrate material and its thickness on the performance of the antenna, it will be easier to design an antenna. Thus the microstrip patch radiation intensity depends on what direction you are facing it from it has gain and directivity. Jun 03, 2015 in order to design a microstrip patch antenna at first the designer is to select the substrate material and its thickness. The effect of changing substrate material and thickness on. The directivity of a patch can be estimated quite easily. To achieve the dualfrequency antenna, the conventional patch antenna is excited along the diagonal. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective. The proposed antenna is designed to operate at the resonant frequency of 5. Patch antenna array in order to increase main beam gain, reduce side lobe radiation, and increase directivity, the patch antenna design was expanded to a four element array.
In the second part of this antenna basics series, you will learn more about the physics of how antennas work. If the antenna had a 100% radiation efficiency, all directivity would be converted to gain. Gain and directivity enhancement of microstrip patch array antenna. Microstrip patch antenna directivity, antenna design. Dec 25, 2017 directivity calculate in cst for patch antenna antenna, microstrip, patch antenna,coaxial cable,radio,microwave engineering,probe feed,cst,coaxial feed using c. Directional patch antenna array design for desktop wireless. Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna arrays. This antenna is designed on coaxial probe feeding technique and its performance characteristics which include return loss, gain, directivity. Often microstrip antennas are also referred to as patch antennas. The proposed design has been simulated using hfss simulation package thats characteristic of the slotted l shaped microstrip patch antenna in terms of return loss and its impedance bandwidth is synthesized and analysed through smith chart. Gain calculate of patch antenna in cst patch antenna design. Patch antenna array in use for wifi communications refer to appendix a for the single patch antenna design procedure.
Lets start our antenna page with some basic definitions. The proposed antenna is suitable for specific applications, such as security and military systems, which require a narrow bandwidth and a small antenna size. By suppressing backwardwave radiation, antenna gain increased by 3. Dec 25, 2017 gain calculate of patch antenna in cst studio antenna, microstrip, patch antenna,coaxial cable,radio,microwave engineering,probe feed,cst,coaxial feed using cst,cst studio suite, antenna design. The patch antenna is a good place to start for antenna fundamentals with more coming.
Design of high gain, wideband microstrip resonant cavity. The gain and directivity of the designed antenna is 7. Gain enhancement of a microstrip patch antenna using a. In electromagnetics, an antennas power gain or simply gain is a key performance number which combines the antennas directivity and electrical efficiency. A classical patch, such as a square shaped patch, presents a single lobed broadside pattern in its fundamental mode tm10 or tm01 with a low directivity. Shows the geometry of the proposed equal slitted square shape micro strip patch antenna the equally edge slitted square patch antenna simulation results are as follows. The goal of this project is to design and build high gain, low cost, low profile antenna that can be used for wifi applications that can compete with current high gain antennas already in the market. Substrate,microstrip patch antenna, ground plane, air box and virtual radiation box.
A single patch antenna on fr4 can produce gain of 35dbi. However, such a configuration leads to larger antenna size. Hence, when designing a patch antenna it is typically trimmed by 24% to achieve resonance at. The antenna only has a single radiation edge equivalent slot which lowers the directivity gain of the antenna. Design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna using inset. This may be replaced with a physical shorting plane to create a quarterwavelength microstrip antenna. The fields are linearly polarized, and in the horizontal direction when viewing the microstrip antenna as in figure 1a well see why in the next section. In this work, the simulation tool of ie3d is used to study the performance and gain of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Without changing the original microstrip patch antenna size, the use of metamaterials made it possible to nearly double antenna directivity. The directivity of patch antennas is approximately 57 db.
Hence a compromise must be reached between antenna dimensions and antenna performance. One familiar application of this type of patch antenna is the rectangular antenna usually in a plastic housing used widely in 2. Gain and directivity enhancement of rectangular microstrip. The effect of the reflector layer on the gain and directivity is studied and. Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna array in x. The design and simulation of patch antennas is widely used in mobile cellular phones today, and our emphasis in this work is on optimization of a 2. Radiation patterns, permittivity, directivity, and gain october 12, 2016 by mark hughes antennas allow information to be transferred to distant locations. Microstrip patch antenna design santa clara university. Gain and directivity enhancement of rectangular microstrip patch. Through introducing an interdigital capacitor idc in the patch, a planar metamaterial mtm unit cell in the ground plane and cutting two vertical slits from the slot, size reduction of the. The antenna is simulated in hfss using fr4 substrate with a dielectric.
In this paper, we consider the problem of enhancing the directivity of an aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna. A low profile, unidirectional, dual layer, and narrow bandwidth microstrip patch antenna is designed to resonate at 2. Their low profile design, often square or rectangular, allows them to be mounted to flat surfaces. Improving microstrip patch antenna directivity using ebg.
The coordinate axis is taken at the center of the patch or substrate. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a micro strip patch antenna. Designing for designing of a microstrip patch antenna, we have to select the resonant frequency and a dielectric medium for which antenna is to be designed. As a transmitting antenna, the gain describes how well the antenna converts input power into radio waves headed in a specified direction. Antenna gain is related to the antenna type, fr4 is lossy material therefore you can not expect large gain from fr4. While directivity is always greater than or equal to 1 0 db, antenna gain can be less than 1 0 db. Normalized radiation pattern for microstrip patch antenna.
Efficiency accounts for the actual losses of a particular antenna design due to manufacturing faults, surface coating losses, imperfections, impedance mismatch, or any other factor. It is a measure of how directional an antenna s radiation pattern is. Design and implementation of patch antenna 8 figure 2. A high directivity wideband resonant cavity antenna rca is proposed in which a compact wideband microstrip patch antenna mpa is utilized as radiator. Simulation of rectangular microstrip patch antenna open. The directivity of a microstrip patch can be found from the cavity models of patches and integrated over the hemisphere to compute directivity. The radiating elements and the feed lines are usually photo etched on the dielectric substrate. In this paper a simple microstrip patch antenna is designed in ads at a resonant frequency of 3. Microstrip patch antenna design calculator 1 mosin i memon and 2 prof. The designed microstrip patch antenna with four slits and a pair of truncated corners are simulated using cadfeko for finding the electric far field radiation, gain, directivity, radiation pattern e. In this paper we design and simulate a rectangular microstrip patch antenna operating at a frequency of 2. A simple microstrip patch antenna consists of metallic patch and ground between which is a dielectric medium called the substrate. Thanks a lot how do i calculate the gain of a microstrip patch and array antenna.
The basics of patch antennas, updated orban microwave. Hence, with slight modification in the design, benefits can be accomplished. The picture below represents the most modern antenna design procedure, kentucky windage. But illustrates sizes and importance of good antenna design why microstrip antennas.
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